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Environmental movements & their activities are studied from various angles, by different methods, & at different levels. While both detailed studies on single incidents of conflict & broad overviews of movements are available, relatively little work has been done at the intermediate level between these extremes. We argue that it is fruitful to engage at this level by undertaking comparative analysis of environmental campaigns. Such studies could help deal with inconclusive observations & findings on the changes of environmental movements during the last three decades. We hypothesize that indeed environmental activism has changed remarkably. By & large, conflicts are no longer marked by a relatively simple constellation of one challenger facing one target or opponent. Instead, we find a complex web of involved actors reaching from local to international levels. These actors tend to form broad alliances, & to link on different issues. Also, their activities are not restricted to only one arena or strategy but involve all available channels, arenas, & action repertoires to have an impact. Quite often, we observe loose coalitions of groups that act in an implicit division of labor, thereby playing on their respective backgrounds, foci, & experiences. Given the variety of actors, their organizational forms & tactics on the one hand & their different contexts on the other, it is unlikely that a common pattern of conflict will emerge across various issues & geographical areas. This is all the more true when comparing environmental conflicts in the Western & non-Western world. 1 Table, 53 References. Adapted from the source document.

Environmental movements and their activities are studied from various angles, by different methods, and at different levels. While both detailed studies on single incidents of conflict and broad overviews of movements are available, relatively little work has been done at the intermediate level between these extremes. We argue that it is fruitful to engage at this level by undertaking comparative analysis of environmental campaigns. Such studies could help deal with inconclusive observations and findings on the changes of environmental movements during the last three decades. We hypothesize that indeed environmental activism has changed remarkably. By and large, conflicts are no longer marked by a relatively simple constellation of one challenger facing one target or opponent. Instead, we find a complex web of involved actors reaching from local to international levels. These actors tend to form broad alliances, and to link on different issues. Also, their activities are not restricted to only one arena or strategy but involve all available channels, arenas, and action repertoires to have an impact. Quite often, we observe loose coalitions of groups that act in an implicit division of labor, thereby playing on their respective backgrounds, foci, and experiences. Given the variety of actors, their organizational forms and tactics on the one hand and their different contexts on the other, it is unlikely that a common pattern of conflict will emerge across various issues and geographical areas. This is all the more true when comparing environmental conflicts in the Western and Non-Western world.

With so much academic attention accorded to the features of globalization, it is often uncritically accepted that environmental campaigns are also becoming more global. While there is no doubt that the national agendas of mainstream environmentalism are challenged by the perception that ecological issues are simultaneously local & transnational, the extent of this transnational greening tends to be exaggerated. Southern & Northern movements pursue vastly different campaigns & use different ideologies to justify their actions & strategies. This article reviews environmental campaigns in two countries, Australia & the Philippines, against the Western Mining Corp. Both campaigns were directed at one particular mine in each country: in Australia, an underground copper & uranium mine at Roxby Downs in the state of South Australia, in the Philippines, an open-pit copper mine at Tampakan in the southern island of Mindanao. Although Southern & Northern green movements share elements of environmental discourse & identity, a close examination of these protest campaigns highlights the fundamental differences between Southern & Northern movements. 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

Examines the patterns in social networks emerging in coalitions of environmental groups opposed to the road improvement initiative in Northern Ireland, the "M1/Westlink corridor." After identifying major actors involved in opposing the project -- reflecting individuals' multiple membership in various organizations -- their relations with organized sociopolitical groups committed to environmental/planning agendas in Northern Ireland are examined. As a broad mobilizing campaign with a polarizing sociopolitical impact, environmental issues help to build & reinforce new heterogeneous solidarities between traditionally conflictual Catholic-Nationalist vs Protestant-Unionist groups, & unite individuals with diverse cultural, political, & social backgrounds. 5 Tables, 17 References. J. Sadler

With so much academic attention accorded to the features of globalization, it is often uncritically accepted that environmental campaigns are also becoming more global. While there is no doubt that the national agendas of mainstream environmentalism are challenged by the perception that ecological issues are simultaneously local and transnational, the extent of this transnational greening tends to be exaggerated. Southern and Northern movements pursue vastly different campaigns and use different ideologies to justify their actions and strategies. This article reviews environmental campaigns in two countries, Australia and the Philippines, against the Western Mining Corporation. Both campaigns were directed at one particular mine in each country: in Australia, an underground copper and uranium mine at Roxby Downs in the state of South Australia; in the Philippines, an open-pit copper mine at Tampakan in the southern island of Mindanao. Although Southern and Northern green movements share elements of environmental discourse and identity, a close examination of these protest campaigns highlights the fundamental differences between Southern and Northern movements

When environmentalists fail, political scientists often relate these failures to structural difficulties or to the "system." But are these activists responsible for these failures as well? Analyzing several cases in which environmental activists failed to persuade the public or the government (most cases from Israel, but some from the UK as well) this paper explores what is common to all these cases. I find ten "rules," which are transcribed as the "ten commandments of how to fail as an environmental activist.". 50 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article compares and contrasts the iconic environmental campaigns of two island jurisdictions, Tasmania and Taiwan–the Franklin-Gordon 'wild rivers' campaign in the first case; the Chilan Forest campaign in the second. The features of each campaign are delineated–the levels of government involved; the institutional fault lines that developed; the scale of campaign operations; activist tactics; and the significance, within their respective contexts, of each iconic campaign. How each campaign 'fits' a wider context of environmental activism is sketched, and the article concludes with an agenda for future cross-island research into environmental activism.

This article describes how the environment is a significant part of today's world. The media has the responsibility of educating the audience about the prevailing environmental issues such as pollution, global warming, and climate change as they threaten the humankind and sustainable development. Environmental campaigns play a major role in creating awareness about environmental issues and its adverse effects on people. This article examines the content of environmental campaigns in traditional and social media. It also intends to find out the impact of those campaigns on the environmental awareness of different cross-cultural sections of people. The article is designed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour according to which human action is guided by a number of factors. A few centralized social media campaigns together with selected campaigns on radio, print and television were taken for the study. To determine the effectiveness and impact of these campaigns, content analysis and surveys were conducted. The findings revealed that the campaigns had many positive benefits and a number of factors were influencing the promotion of environmental awareness. The study tested a few factors based on communication theories and discussions were drawn.